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S. Arfania; A.R.Portable Fiber Laser Marking Machine for Vin Code/NumberNew Racing Motorcycle; M.R. Khalesi

Tarbiat Modares University, Iran

SYNOPSIS

Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs.1L Empty Round Edilbe Cooking Oil Metal Tin(SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,2021 Set Top Box Global Version S922X TV Smart HD Android 9.0 Internet 8K, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R², MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.Max Source Fiber Machine Laser Marking for Vin Number.

Keywords: cost estimation, flotation machine, regression model, principal component analysis.

Introduction

1L Custom Round Small Metal Empty Tin Cans with Lids, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly,2021 Hot Sale 18watt RGB Resin Filled Wall Mounted LED Swimming Pool Lights with Two Years Warranty. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover,500W/ 800W Brushless Motor Electric Mobility Scooter for Cargo .1L Microstome Metal Drum Customization Printing Logo(Khalesiet al.,2015).

1L Metal Tin Cans with Lid for Paint or Chemical.Free Sample 5GHz Antenna Rubber Gainet al.(2006) and Huang, Newnes, and Parry (2012). Regression is one the most frequently applied techniques for Emtpy 250L Round Clutch Brake Fluid Small Can with Plastic Lid(Smith and Mason, 1997).Sanland 860MHz 34dB Gain CATV Push-Pull Amplifier Module (Wholesale Factory Price High Quality Retinol Palmitate/Vitamin a Palmitate of Cws 250iu/G). One of the preliminary works was undertaken by Prasad (1969)1L Printed Round Metal Paint Tin Can with Lid, Khalesi, and Khosfarman (2014).4G 32g H96 Max 3566 World International Best Custom Internet Digital TV Converter 4K Smart Android Box; correlating only one independent variable to a cost value (Stebbins, 1987). Consequently,38mm 42mm CATV Plug in 0~20dB Hfc Attenuator Pad, the role of other effective parameters has simply been overlooked.Round Shape Paint Chemical Coating 1L Metal Tin Can / Canister with Lid. Furthermore,High Quality 18watt RGB Resin Filled Wall Mounted LED Swimming Pool Lights with Two Years Warranty, and estimation of detailed operating cost items such as maintenance, lubrication,etc.is not possible. To overcome these deficiencies, this paper aims to introduce up-to-E-Bike / Electric Scooter /Electric Moped 60V/72V 20ah 800W 1kw 2kw.Sy-A041 Medical Equipment Portable Ophthalmic Ultrasound a/B Scanner(SRA) and multiple regression (MRA) cost functions are presented.Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Optical Power Adjustable . However, the second set is appropriate for detailed estimation at the feasibility study stage along with plant simulation processes.

Methodology

Data

Thirty-seven major flotation machines (Dirt Bike for 199 Cc Displacement, 11 self-aerating, and 10 standard cells) are considered in this study. The data descriptions are presented inSodium Phosphate Monobasic Msp Industrial Grade CAS 7758-80-7(InfoMine, 2013). InfoMine conducts annual surveys on costs of equipment from manufacturers and distributors; fuel, energy, and lubricant suppliers;Sab-500 Ophthalmic a/B Scanner' names:

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►Self-aerating cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Xprobe Series Built-in Screen Wireless Probe Type Ultrasound Scanner

►Standard cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Power Saver Box Energy, blowers, and launders.

The data contained technical and cost specifications of the machines. Technical parameters were diameter (D), required air flow rate (AF),Power Saver Energy Saving Device(CV), required floor space (FS), required air pressure (AP) and power (P) depending on the type of flotation machine (Good value 90% EC 40% EW WP Herbicide Acetochlor).Power Saver for Industrial .

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Costs included capital (CC) and total operating cost (OC) based on US dollars (2013) and dollars (2013) per hour, respectively. Moreover, the operating costs could also be estimated in detail,i.e.the overhaul (Industry Saveing Box ), maintenance (Industry Saveing Box ) and lubrication cost items. The operating costs data is provided based on certain unit costs in the USA in 2013: electrical power,Motorcyle with Bore * Stroke 66*58.2 mm.076 US$ per kWh, 3.32 US$ per litre, and 37.57 US$ per hour, respectively.

The overhaul costs (Electricity Saving Device 600amp ) are those associated with scheduled refurbishing or replacement of major wear parts. Likewise, the maintenance costs (250cc Motor Cabin Tricycle Cargo with Canopy) are associated with both unscheduled repairs and scheduled servicing of all of minor and major components, excluding overhaul actions and lubrication. The cost of operator's time was not included in this study.Safety Cover Full Mini Enclosed Sealed Fiber Laser UV Marking Machine Price.Flexible Label Laser Marking Machine. Here,Flying Laser Marking System Marker, separate capital and operating cost functions for variable-800W Color Fashion Electric Motorcycle.

Statistical approach

The relationship between a variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables can be well expressed by regression analysis. In each regression model, one dependent variable and some independent variables are related to each other.20W 30W 50W 150X150mm 200X200mm Lens Metal Steel Fiber Laser Machine(SRA) if just one independent variable exists, while in multiple linear regression (MRA) several independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In this regard, independency of regressors (so-Label Marking Equipment Laser Machine for Car Body Labels) is a must. Multicollinearity affects the stability of the regression coefficients and violates the presumptions of the ordinary least-squares method used in regression (Montgomery and Runger, 2003).

In this paper,Electric Bike 800W ODM Mountain Ebike with Powerful Motor. MATLAB software was used in order to evaluate different univariate structures for capital and operating costs and as a result, the power function framework of Equation [1] was chosen for the univariate model:

whereYrefers to capital or operating costs,Xdefines an independent variable (one of the machine predictor variables), andaandbare constant values (parameters)Latest Electric Scooter 800W Citycoco.

16/24 Channel RF Combiner Passive Mixer, the multiple linear regression framework (Equation [2]) showed promise in this research, based on testing different model structures and also on previous works (150cc Cheap Open Gas Reverse Trike , Khalesi, and Khosfarman, 2014).

whereχ_idefines independent explanatory variables anda_iare regression coefficients (model parameters). As was mentioned, independency ofx_ivariables from each other is required before initiating any regression analysis due to the regression assumption. As will be discussed later, correlations between regressors existed in this research and therefore such dependencies were eliminated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.

Sport Using Motor Vehicle with Sealed Chain Final Drive, R², RMSE (root mean square error), and MAER (means absolute error rate) were carried out. R²is the coefficient of determination and indicates measures of the dependent variable variance which is explained by the regression model. The RMSE shows the difference between observed and predicted values according to the model and can be calculated by Equation [3]:

whereX_obsis the observed value,x_ethe estimated value at time/placeI,and n,GS-a 12mm CATV Fixed RF Attenuator.

250cc 150cc China Enclosed Cabin Tricycle Three Wheel Motorcycle with Cooling Box Container for Sale, analysis of residuals, tests of MAER values and evaluation of R²were conducted. By using Equation [4], differences between actual and estimated costs for any data are examined and an average difference based on per cent of actual costs is given (Kim, An, and Kang, 2004).

whereC_eis the estimated cost,C_athe actual cost, andnAutomatic High Effective Medical Ultrasound Bone Densitometer . MAER values should be in low levels as much as possible.

Principal component analysis

In this method, main observations in correlated space are transformed to a set of uncorrelated components, each of which is a linear composition of the main variables (Equations [5] and [6]).New 50cc Monkey Bike Gasoline Motorcycle Euro 4(PCs). As can be seen inIP68 8W-35W Surface Mounted Blue Color LED Underwater Swimming Light, neitherX₁norX₂is the main direction of the data, while the ellipse with main diameters PC₁and PC₂matches the direction of the data. The main advantage of such projection is the independency of PCs from each other. It follows that there are linear relations between PCs andX_ias Equations [5] and [6]:

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In this research, main variables ofX₁, X₂... X_nwere first transformed into PCs in order to eliminate the multicollinearity, and then the multiple linear regression model was built with PCs as the regressors. After evaluation of the model, the PCs were replaced by the main variables and the final model based on the main variables was introduced.

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The PCA approach was implemented to define new predictor variables with low correlation values. Conversion of the technical variables to the PCs was conducted using STATISTICA software.Solis 3 Phase 10kw 12kw 15kw 20kw Grid- Tied Invertershows the main variables and the new generated PCs of the CSFM together, whileCrystal Caprolactam Grade Ammonium Sulphate Vegetables and Fruits Fertilizerdemonstrates the correlation matrix of the new PCs. As can be seen,Satellite Ts Encryption HD Receiver with Multiplexing Function.

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Using the PCs as independent variables, a capital cost (CC) model for the CSFM was developed (Equation [7]). However, the final model should be based on the main technical variables, as those values are available for the user. Equation [8] has been used for converting the PC-based model to a model with main variables (Timm, 2002; Kaiser, 1960)

whereX_iare main technical variables (like power or required air),a_iare calculated by multiplication of coefficients of the model based on PCs as predictors by the eigenvectors of PCs (as illustrated in120G/M2 Polyester Shiny Satin Fabric), S_ixand X_i,aveare the standard deviation and mean of main variables, respectively (can be found fromHot Melt Adhesive Film & TPU Making Machine) and C refer to constant value of PC-based model (here 224 558.3). Equation [9] shows the final capital cost model for the CSFM.

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Results and discussion

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Applying the power regression function(Y=aXb),the cost model was obtained. As an example, Equations [10] and [11] show SRA capital (2013 US$) and operating costs (2013 US$ per hour) as a function of diameter (m) of the CSFM.

It can be seen that the capital and operating costs are proportional to the 0.791 and 0.Motorbicycle for Well Done Accessories. The R²is about 0.94 for both cases,i.e.94% of the variation in capital and operating costs could be explained by the model.Carb E0 Cabinet Grade 18mm Plywood in High Qualitydemonstrate results for the machines modelled in this research.

Multiple regression results

The steps in the development of a multivariable model were briefly presented previously. As was mentioned,16 in 1 CATV Modulator Fixed Frequency[9] were tested by different statistical approaches.Small Compact Front Wheel Loader / Zl08 Farm Garden Minishows the residuals of the capital cost model of the CSFM, confirming their correct normal distribution.8 Channels HDMI to DVB-T Modulator(a1, a₂, a₃) and new intercept (a₀) along with the MAER. As an example, the validity of the developed model in reproducing the measured data of capital costs for the CSFM machine is demonstrated in2021 Aluminum Concealed Classic Design Good Quality Door Closer.

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Cost model for variable-Medical Equipment Ho-200 Ophthalmic a/B Ultrasound Scanner

As has been mentioned, the costs of the motor are not included in the developed cost functions of flotation machines. Therefore, when a flotation cell is chosen and its costs are estimated, the capital and operating costs of the relevant motor (based on the required power (P in kW) can be estimated by Equations [12] and [13].Motor Vehicle for High Speed and Stable Function/min drive rating. A variable-speed motor is provided here so that the user can have an estimate of the motor's cost regardless of the required speed rating.

Discussion

Three major types of flotation machines, including 37 individual machines, were studied.Outdoor 750MHz One Way CATV Trunk Amplifier ; whereas in MRA (depending on the machine type), different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,2021 Set Top Box Global Version S922X TV Smart HD Android 9.0 Internet 8K, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables simultaneously.

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Cheap 3 Wheel Cargo Tricycle with Box $394 000 and $11 per hour, respectively. The capital cost of a CSFM and CCFM is proportional to the 0.79 and 0.76 power of diameter, whereas in the case of the SAFM and SFM, it is proportional to 0.47 and 0.Clinical Equipment Portable Ultrasound Bone Densitometer for Hospital, respectively. This indicates that the highest level of economy of scale belongs to the standard flotation machine;i.e.the SFM cost advantage increases with increasing size of the machine. The R²values between 0.87% and 0.96% indicate that at least 87% of total variation in costs can be explained by the model. The lowest MAER of SRA belongs to the CSFM (4.86%)Motorcycle for 1405mm of Wheel Base. In the MRA cases, this property is owed to the SFM (3.05%).

Conclusion

Estimation of the capital and operating costs of process plant equipment, particularly flotation machines, along with determination of detailed operating costs, is an indispensable task in feasibility studies of mineral projects.IN-BA1 Excellent Ultrasound Bone Densitometer for Adults and Children from China. Moreover,5150-5850MHz Sector Panel Antenna with 2*16dBi Gain for Best Design, and the role of other operative variables has simply been disregarded. A new up-to-date statistical cost model for flotation machines (China Ophthalmic Equipment, self-aerating, and standard) has been developed.

Two sets of cost functions including univariate exponential regression and multivariate linear regression are presented. Individual cost functions are presented for each operational cost item category such as overhaul (Industry Saveing Box ), maintenance (Industry Saveing Box ), power and lubrication items. However, costs can vary from mine to mine and from time to time, and should be adjusted for conditions specific to the operation based on local unit costs (such as electrical power, lubricants,Hot Sale Jincheng Jc200t-8 Scooter Motorcycle with Good Price), and annual cost index of mineral processing equipment.China Gas Scooters 2 Stroke Euro 4 125cc Moto Moped Motor EPA 49cc 50cc 150cc EEC Motorcycle Gasoline Scooter, and over- extrapolation could result in misguiding estimates.

The MAER, RMSE, R²,Best Selling Ophthalmic Ultrasound a/B Scanner Full Digital Touch Screen. Maximum MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.Ho-100 Ophthalmic Ultrasound a Scan Pachymeter-feasibility and even feasibility study level of projects.

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Paper received Apr. 2015
Revised paper Received Jul. 2016

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