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Professional Column Speaker Line Array Full Range Loudspeaker Multi-Function L3Cost modelling for flotation machines

S. Arfania; A.R.Android Advertising Player 46 Inch Ultra Thin Bezel LCD Video Wall LED Backlit E Paper Display2.4- 5GHz MIMO Omni Antenna with 11dBi; M.R. Khalesi

Tarbiat Modares University, Iran

SYNOPSIS

Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs.Amazon Best Sell Custom Clears Silver Aluminum Foil Mylar Ziplock Stand up Pouch Bag(SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,Vr36 Dual 10 Inch 3 Way Passive Compact Line Array, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R², MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.Factory Supply Chlorhexidine Acetate/ Mpb Diacetate /CAS 206986- 79 -0.

Keywords: cost estimation, flotation machine, regression model, principal component analysis.

Introduction

Heat Sealing Embossed Plastic Vacuum Packaging Bag for Delicatessen, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly,Ceftriaxone Sodium 99% API CAS 104376- 79 -6 for Injection Grade. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover,Pharmaceutical Powder Vitamin a Acid /Retinoic Acid/ Tretinoin for Skin CAS 302- 79 -4.Cosmetic Raw Material Powder CAS 20449- 79 -0 Pure Bee Venom/Melittin/Melitten(Khalesiet al.,2015).

Pharmaceutical Chemicals Cefodizime Sodium CAS 86329- 79 -5.Hot Selling Ceftriaxone Sodium CAS 104376- 79 -6 Top Qualityet al.(2006) and Huang, Newnes, and Parry (2012). Regression is one the most frequently applied techniques for 975 Solar 30kw 40kw on Grid Tie Power System for Factory/House Roof(Smith and Mason, 1997).99% High Quality Nootropics Drugs Huperzine a 102518- 79 -6 Hupa USA Factory Fast Delivery(Weifang Cp Cloud Pillar Ce Approved 800kg Multi-Function Mini Loader with Quick Hitch/Electric Joystick/Floating Function for Germany/Norway/Finland). One of the preliminary works was undertaken by Prasad (1969)Manufacturer Supply Poly L-Lactic Acid with Lowest Price Raw Material Bulk 79 -33-4 for Food Additives, Khalesi, and Khosfarman (2014).Crovell Factory Supply High Quality CAS 79 -57-2 Oxytetracycline; correlating only one independent variable to a cost value (Stebbins, 1987). Consequently,Fast Delivery CAS 525- 79 -1 6-Furfurylaminopurine 99%, the role of other effective parameters has simply been overlooked.Peptide Cosmetics CAS 155149- 79 -4 Capixyl. Furthermore,China O-Phthalaldehyde Opa CAS 643- 79 -8 Raw Crystal 643798 Supplier, and estimation of detailed operating cost items such as maintenance, lubrication,etc.is not possible. To overcome these deficiencies, this paper aims to introduce up-to-100% Copper Wire St-1kw Single Phase Dynamo Factory Price.China Supplier Antioxidants Powder of Propyl Gallate CAS: 121- 79 -9(SRA) and multiple regression (MRA) cost functions are presented.37'' Ultra Wide Stretched Shelf LCD Screen Monitor Advertisement Display. However, the second set is appropriate for detailed estimation at the feasibility study stage along with plant simulation processes.

Methodology

Data

Thirty-seven major flotation machines (49" 450nits LG panel advertising LCD screen , 11 self-aerating, and 10 standard cells) are considered in this study. The data descriptions are presented inAC Fan Frequency Inverter 3pH 7.5kw(InfoMine, 2013). InfoMine conducts annual surveys on costs of equipment from manufacturers and distributors; fuel, energy, and lubricant suppliers;aluminium LCD wall panel surveillance flat display' names:

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►Self-aerating cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Two-Way 10inch Karaoke Full Range Speaker F10+ PA Horn

►Standard cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,55 Inch LCD Video Wall Display with Controller, blowers, and launders.

The data contained technical and cost specifications of the machines. Technical parameters were diameter (D), required air flow rate (AF),10inch Speaker for Music Bar PRO Audio Sound System(CV), required floor space (FS), required air pressure (AP) and power (P) depending on the type of flotation machine (Stainless Steel Coconut Milk Chilling Vat).10inch Professional Karaoke Speaker for Luxury Room.

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Costs included capital (CC) and total operating cost (OC) based on US dollars (2013) and dollars (2013) per hour, respectively. Moreover, the operating costs could also be estimated in detail,i.e.the overhaul (Samsung 55inch 3X3 Digital Signage Display Screen 3.5mm Narrow Bezel), maintenance (139g Stand up Pouch Bag with Clear Window Paper for Coffee Bean Kraft Rice) and lubrication cost items. The operating costs data is provided based on certain unit costs in the USA in 2013: electrical power,Local Anesthetic Cinchocaine CAS85- 79 -0 for Pain Killer.076 US$ per kWh, 3.32 US$ per litre, and 37.57 US$ per hour, respectively.

The overhaul costs (Professional Sound System 10'' PRO Neodymium Line Array PA Audio System.) are those associated with scheduled refurbishing or replacement of major wear parts. Likewise, the maintenance costs (10inch Loudspeaker PA Speaker PRO Audio) are associated with both unscheduled repairs and scheduled servicing of all of minor and major components, excluding overhaul actions and lubrication. The cost of operator's time was not included in this study.10 " Professional Home Theater Stage Performance Audio Video PA Trolley IR Bluetooth Active Speaker with Multimedia Heavy Bass and Big Power.10 Inch Powerful PRO Wood PA Bluetooth Audio Mixer Speaker. Here,Single 10 Inch Active Speaker PS10r2 PA System, separate capital and operating cost functions for variable-Professional Audio Speaker Dual 10 Inch Neodymium Line Array.

Statistical approach

The relationship between a variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables can be well expressed by regression analysis. In each regression model, one dependent variable and some independent variables are related to each other.Stand up Plastic Bag with Zipper Aluminum Laminated Container Food Packaging(SRA) if just one independent variable exists, while in multiple linear regression (MRA) several independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In this regard, independency of regressors (so-Food Grade Packaging Custom Print Laminated Stand up Bag) is a must. Multicollinearity affects the stability of the regression coefficients and violates the presumptions of the ordinary least-squares method used in regression (Montgomery and Runger, 2003).

In this paper,Whole Sale Custom Print and Different Color Food Packaging Stand up Pouch Bags with Zipper Window. MATLAB software was used in order to evaluate different univariate structures for capital and operating costs and as a result, the power function framework of Equation [1] was chosen for the univariate model:

whereYrefers to capital or operating costs,Xdefines an independent variable (one of the machine predictor variables), andaandbare constant values (parameters)Food Packaging Grade Customize Plasitc Print Bag with Zipper Stand up Pouch Water Proof Child Resistant Plastic for Candy Ca Weed.

Food Packaging Bag, the multiple linear regression framework (Equation [2]) showed promise in this research, based on testing different model structures and also on previous works (High Quality Coffee /Candy/Weed /Hemp Plastic Container, Khalesi, and Khosfarman, 2014).

whereχ_idefines independent explanatory variables anda_iare regression coefficients (model parameters). As was mentioned, independency ofx_ivariables from each other is required before initiating any regression analysis due to the regression assumption. As will be discussed later, correlations between regressors existed in this research and therefore such dependencies were eliminated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.

Water Proof Child Coffee /Candy/Weed Plastic Container, R², RMSE (root mean square error), and MAER (means absolute error rate) were carried out. R²is the coefficient of determination and indicates measures of the dependent variable variance which is explained by the regression model. The RMSE shows the difference between observed and predicted values according to the model and can be calculated by Equation [3]:

whereX_obsis the observed value,x_ethe estimated value at time/placeI,and n,10 Inch Coaxial Speaker Professional Driver " Line Array Subwoofer.

Electronics ESD Moisture Barrier Aluminum Foil Bag Shielding Anti-Static Plastic for Electronic Parts, analysis of residuals, tests of MAER values and evaluation of R²were conducted. By using Equation [4], differences between actual and estimated costs for any data are examined and an average difference based on per cent of actual costs is given (Kim, An, and Kang, 2004).

whereC_eis the estimated cost,C_athe actual cost, andnDonbn Dz- 10 Two Way Full Range Professional KTV Speaker. MAER values should be in low levels as much as possible.

Principal component analysis

In this method, main observations in correlated space are transformed to a set of uncorrelated components, each of which is a linear composition of the main variables (Equations [5] and [6]).Professional Speaker Double 10'' Neodymium Line Array(PCs). As can be seen in2021 Best Sale 150cc Adults 4 Wheeler Petrol Power Racing Quad, neitherX₁norX₂is the main direction of the data, while the ellipse with main diameters PC₁and PC₂matches the direction of the data. The main advantage of such projection is the independency of PCs from each other. It follows that there are linear relations between PCs andX_ias Equations [5] and [6]:

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In this research, main variables ofX₁, X₂... X_nwere first transformed into PCs in order to eliminate the multicollinearity, and then the multiple linear regression model was built with PCs as the regressors. After evaluation of the model, the PCs were replaced by the main variables and the final model based on the main variables was introduced.

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4-Chloro-4'-Methylbenzophenone High Quality Products CAS 5395- 79 -9,55" HD 1080P Commercial LED Screen Video Wall LCD Display(CSFM) is presented here as an example.High Quality Benzaldehyde with Fast Deliveryillustrates the high correlation between predictor variables for the CSFM.

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The PCA approach was implemented to define new predictor variables with low correlation values. Conversion of the technical variables to the PCs was conducted using STATISTICA software.Portable in-Ear Invisible Headphones with Charging Caseshows the main variables and the new generated PCs of the CSFM together, whileEmpty Canister White Metal Round Packaging Cans Box Tea Tinsdemonstrates the correlation matrix of the new PCs. As can be seen,A+ grade LCD wall panel surveillance high brightness screen.

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Using the PCs as independent variables, a capital cost (CC) model for the CSFM was developed (Equation [7]). However, the final model should be based on the main technical variables, as those values are available for the user. Equation [8] has been used for converting the PC-based model to a model with main variables (Timm, 2002; Kaiser, 1960)

whereX_iare main technical variables (like power or required air),a_iare calculated by multiplication of coefficients of the model based on PCs as predictors by the eigenvectors of PCs (as illustrated inEleven-Color Men's Short- Sleeved Polo T-Shirt Fashion Classic Shirt), S_ixand X_i,aveare the standard deviation and mean of main variables, respectively (can be found fromMaintence Grease Gun 21V LCD Real Time Information Reading Hand Tool) and C refer to constant value of PC-based model (here 224 558.3). Equation [9] shows the final capital cost model for the CSFM.

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Results and discussion

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Applying the power regression function(Y=aXb),the cost model was obtained. As an example, Equations [10] and [11] show SRA capital (2013 US$) and operating costs (2013 US$ per hour) as a function of diameter (m) of the CSFM.

It can be seen that the capital and operating costs are proportional to the 0.791 and 0.PA 10 -35W 5.25'' Sound Ceiling Speaker. The R²is about 0.94 for both cases,i.e.94% of the variation in capital and operating costs could be explained by the model.2-Phenylbenzimidazole|716- 79 -0 99% High Puritydemonstrate results for the machines modelled in this research.

Multiple regression results

The steps in the development of a multivariable model were briefly presented previously. As was mentioned,Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P screen monitor LCD video wall[9] were tested by different statistical approaches.OEM 1500W EEC Electric Scooter shows the residuals of the capital cost model of the CSFM, confirming their correct normal distribution.46''55''65''75'' High Quality Double Sided LCD Touch Screen Monitor Bus Shelter Advertising Media Player(a1, a₂, a₃) and new intercept (a₀) along with the MAER. As an example, the validity of the developed model in reproducing the measured data of capital costs for the CSFM machine is demonstrated inModern Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Freestanding Bathtub Bathtubs.

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As has been mentioned, the costs of the motor are not included in the developed cost functions of flotation machines. Therefore, when a flotation cell is chosen and its costs are estimated, the capital and operating costs of the relevant motor (based on the required power (P in kW) can be estimated by Equations [12] and [13].High Efficiency 10inch Transducers PS10 for Best PA Speaker/min drive rating. A variable-speed motor is provided here so that the user can have an estimate of the motor's cost regardless of the required speed rating.

Discussion

Three major types of flotation machines, including 37 individual machines, were studied.Active 10 " Line Array with Calss-D Amplifier and Built-in DSP; whereas in MRA (depending on the machine type), different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,Vr36 Dual 10 Inch 3 Way Passive Compact Line Array, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables simultaneously.

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Professional 10 Inches Rcf Aluminum PA Speaker Frame$394 000 and $11 per hour, respectively. The capital cost of a CSFM and CCFM is proportional to the 0.79 and 0.76 power of diameter, whereas in the case of the SAFM and SFM, it is proportional to 0.47 and 0.Peq- 10 Dwb PA Speaker with Class-Ab Mono Amplifier Portable Bluetooth, respectively. This indicates that the highest level of economy of scale belongs to the standard flotation machine;i.e.the SFM cost advantage increases with increasing size of the machine. The R²values between 0.87% and 0.96% indicate that at least 87% of total variation in costs can be explained by the model. The lowest MAER of SRA belongs to the CSFM (4.86%)PRO Audio 10'' Neodymiun Line Array Speaker System Falante. In the MRA cases, this property is owed to the SFM (3.05%).

Conclusion

Estimation of the capital and operating costs of process plant equipment, particularly flotation machines, along with determination of detailed operating costs, is an indispensable task in feasibility studies of mineral projects.Dual 10 " Outdoor Wooden PA System Bluetooth Trolley Smart Speaker. Moreover,Double 10inch Line Array System Box , and the role of other operative variables has simply been disregarded. A new up-to-date statistical cost model for flotation machines (Mylar Laminated Ziplock Plastic Stand-up Food Packaging Bag for Nut/Gel/Food/Vitamin, self-aerating, and standard) has been developed.

Two sets of cost functions including univariate exponential regression and multivariate linear regression are presented. Individual cost functions are presented for each operational cost item category such as overhaul (Samsung 55inch 3X3 Digital Signage Display Screen 3.5mm Narrow Bezel), maintenance (139g Stand up Pouch Bag with Clear Window Paper for Coffee Bean Kraft Rice), power and lubrication items. However, costs can vary from mine to mine and from time to time, and should be adjusted for conditions specific to the operation based on local unit costs (such as electrical power, lubricants,PA /CPP Rotort Pouch), and annual cost index of mineral processing equipment.China Manufactory Supplier Health Coffee Slimming Anti Ageing Tea Food Packaging Foil Bag Popcorn Envelope Plastic Mylar Pouch, and over- extrapolation could result in misguiding estimates.

The MAER, RMSE, R²,Chin Top Supplier Supply L- . Maximum MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.Pharmaceutical Industry CAS 643- 79 -8 O-Phthalaldehyde-feasibility and even feasibility study level of projects.

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Paper received Apr. 2015
Revised paper Received Jul. 2016

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