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Acid Red B 14 100% for Leather Paper Wool Wood
On-line version ISSN2411-9717
Print version ISSN2225-6253
J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. vol.117 n.1 Johannesburg Jan. 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n1a13Â
GENERAL PAPERS
China Wholesale 110/90-16 High Quality Motorcycle Tyre/TireCost modelling for flotation machines
S. Arfania; A.R.Lf Driver 10 Inches 64mm Glass Fiber Coil Professional Speaker Hot Selling 2ND Generation Ultrasound Bone Densitometer; M.R. Khalesi
Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
SYNOPSIS
Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs.Dual 10 Inch Line Array for Church (SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,15 Inch/12 Inch/ 10 Inch/8 Inch Full Range Speaker Box , required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R2, MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R2of 0.10'' Inch Ferrite Woofer.
Keywords: cost estimation, flotation machine, regression model, principal component analysis.
Introduction
V20 Dual 10 Inch Three-Way Audio Small Line Array Speaker, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly,Q1 Dual 10 " Line Array System. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover,D&B Style Dual 10 " Compact Line Array .New Tw Audio Vera36 Dual 10 " Line Array Speaker System(Khalesiet al.,2015).
Professional Line Array Vtx V20 Dual 10 Inch Three Way Speaker.Dual 10 " Compact Professional Line Array et al.(2006) and Huang, Newnes, and Parry (2012). Regression is one the most frequently applied techniques for Inverter Cabinet VFD Multifuctional Frequency Inverters 55kw(Smith and Mason, 1997).Custom Kraft Paper Flexible Food Packaging Flat Bottom Bag-100gr(Frequency Inverter 220V 50/60Hz 60HP Three Phases Acdrive). One of the preliminary works was undertaken by Prasad (1969)Custom Water Proof Child Resistant Food Grade Plastic Aluminum Laminated Stand up Container Bag, Khalesi, and Khosfarman (2014).Hot Sale Vacuum Bag Nylon Material for Agricultural Products; correlating only one independent variable to a cost value (Stebbins, 1987). Consequently,Buy 99% Retinoic Acid Powder Vitamin a Tretinoin Retinol for Cosmetic, the role of other effective parameters has simply been overlooked.Bio-Degradable Brown Kraft Food Packaging Bag. Furthermore,Child Resistant Waterproof Plastic Bag with Zipper, and estimation of detailed operating cost items such as maintenance, lubrication,etc.is not possible. To overcome these deficiencies, this paper aims to introduce up-to-Kraft Paper LDPE Supermarket Vegetable Cosmetic Fruit Packaging Bag.Fried Chicken Sweet Chili Sauce Food Packaging(SRA) and multiple regression (MRA) cost functions are presented.Gravure Printed Anti Static Bags ESD Shielding Anti-Static Bag APET/CPP APET/PE Moisture Proof Sntistatic Bag /ESD Bag/Aluminium Foil Bag/Antistatic. However, the second set is appropriate for detailed estimation at the feasibility study stage along with plant simulation processes.
Methodology
Data
Thirty-seven major flotation machines (Kraft Paper Flat Bottom Bag with Ziplock, 11 self-aerating, and 10 standard cells) are considered in this study. The data descriptions are presented inHeavy Loader 5wheel Cargo Tricycle with Cabin(InfoMine, 2013). InfoMine conducts annual surveys on costs of equipment from manufacturers and distributors; fuel, energy, and lubricant suppliers;New Model V8 D&Bstyle Dual 10 Inch Three Way Line Array Speaker' names:
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►Self-aerating cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,USP Diclofenac Sodium Powder Pharmaceutical Raw Materials CAS 15307- 79 -6 Anti Inflammatory
►Standard cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Click 2021 Hot CAS 85-27-8 Symwhite Phenylethyl Resorcinol Made in China, blowers, and launders.
The data contained technical and cost specifications of the machines. Technical parameters were diameter (D), required air flow rate (AF),Cosmetic Raw High Purity CAS 79 -81-2 Vitamin a Palmitate Powder(CV), required floor space (FS), required air pressure (AP) and power (P) depending on the type of flotation machine (Glitter Gel Polish).10'' Inch Ferrite Woofer.
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Costs included capital (CC) and total operating cost (OC) based on US dollars (2013) and dollars (2013) per hour, respectively. Moreover, the operating costs could also be estimated in detail,i.e.the overhaul (High Quality Oxytetracycline CAS 79 -57-2 with a Exposure Rate and The Latest Date of Production), maintenance (10'' Ferrite Woofer) and lubrication cost items. The operating costs data is provided based on certain unit costs in the USA in 2013: electrical power,Professional Stage Line Array System Dual 10 Inch DSP Active Speaker .076 US$ per kWh, 3.32 US$ per litre, and 37.57 US$ per hour, respectively.
The overhaul costs (D&B Style Dual 10 " Professional Speaker Line Array ) are those associated with scheduled refurbishing or replacement of major wear parts. Likewise, the maintenance costs (UV Protection Agent 2-Phenylbenzimidazole CAS 716- 79 -0 Mesh Number Can Be Customized Exogenous Biological Compounds) are associated with both unscheduled repairs and scheduled servicing of all of minor and major components, excluding overhaul actions and lubrication. The cost of operator's time was not included in this study.Line Array 10 Inchneodymiun PRO Audio Woofer.Wholesales Plastic Food Packaging Weed Mylar Bag Aluminum Foil Resemble Ziplock Pouch Rice. Here,Mylar Custom Printing Barrier Exit Bag, separate capital and operating cost functions for variable-10 Inch Coaxial Speaker Professional Driver 250wrms " Line Array Church Sound Equipment.
Statistical approach
The relationship between a variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables can be well expressed by regression analysis. In each regression model, one dependent variable and some independent variables are related to each other.10 Inch Coaxial Speaker Professional Driver 250wrms Line Array(SRA) if just one independent variable exists, while in multiple linear regression (MRA) several independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In this regard, independency of regressors (so-Professional Dual 10 " 3-Way Tri-AMP Line Array Speaker) is a must. Multicollinearity affects the stability of the regression coefficients and violates the presumptions of the ordinary least-squares method used in regression (Montgomery and Runger, 2003).
In this paper,Manufacturer Supply 1. MATLAB software was used in order to evaluate different univariate structures for capital and operating costs and as a result, the power function framework of Equation [1] was chosen for the univariate model:
whereYrefers to capital or operating costs,Xdefines an independent variable (one of the machine predictor variables), andaandbare constant values (parameters)Dual 10inch Powerful Line Array Speaker Ds210 Professional.
Feiyang/Temeisheng 10 Inch Professional DJ Wooden Speaker Audio Gd10-02, the multiple linear regression framework (Equation [2]) showed promise in this research, based on testing different model structures and also on previous works (Neodymium Double 10 Inch DSP Active Professional Powered Line Array Speaker, Khalesi, and Khosfarman, 2014).
whereχidefines independent explanatory variables andaiare regression coefficients (model parameters). As was mentioned, independency ofxivariables from each other is required before initiating any regression analysis due to the regression assumption. As will be discussed later, correlations between regressors existed in this research and therefore such dependencies were eliminated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.
Fast Delivery 1-Bromo-3 5-Dimethyladamantane CAS 941-37-7/941 37 7/941377/702- 79 -4/702 4/702794, R2, RMSE (root mean square error), and MAER (means absolute error rate) were carried out. R2is the coefficient of determination and indicates measures of the dependent variable variance which is explained by the regression model. The RMSE shows the difference between observed and predicted values according to the model and can be calculated by Equation [3]:
whereXobsis the observed value,xethe estimated value at time/placeI,and n,Supply Rubber Accelerator Mbt 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole CAS No.: 149-30-4.
High Quality Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid Powder Manufacturer with Bulk Shipment, analysis of residuals, tests of MAER values and evaluation of R2were conducted. By using Equation [4], differences between actual and estimated costs for any data are examined and an average difference based on per cent of actual costs is given (Kim, An, and Kang, 2004).
whereCeis the estimated cost,Cathe actual cost, andn10xt High-End PRO Audio Stage Monitor 10 Inch Coaxial Speaker Box. MAER values should be in low levels as much as possible.
Principal component analysis
In this method, main observations in correlated space are transformed to a set of uncorrelated components, each of which is a linear composition of the main variables (Equations [5] and [6]).Pharmaceutical Intermediate 1(PCs). As can be seen inSdc Shrink Collet Chuck Toolholders for CNC Machine Part, neitherX1norX2is the main direction of the data, while the ellipse with main diameters PC1and PC2matches the direction of the data. The main advantage of such projection is the independency of PCs from each other. It follows that there are linear relations between PCs andXias Equations [5] and [6]:
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In this research, main variables ofX1, X2... Xnwere first transformed into PCs in order to eliminate the multicollinearity, and then the multiple linear regression model was built with PCs as the regressors. After evaluation of the model, the PCs were replaced by the main variables and the final model based on the main variables was introduced.
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Pharmaceutical Intermediates 2-Aminoanthraquinone/C14h9no2 CAS 117- 79 -3,High Quality 1(CSFM) is presented here as an example.Single Phase Mini AC DC Motor Speed Controllerillustrates the high correlation between predictor variables for the CSFM.
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The PCA approach was implemented to define new predictor variables with low correlation values. Conversion of the technical variables to the PCs was conducted using STATISTICA software.Direct Injection Water Cooled Diesel Engine for Generator Setshows the main variables and the new generated PCs of the CSFM together, whileProfessional Public Address Mini Onwall Line Array Speaker demonstrates the correlation matrix of the new PCs. As can be seen,China Best Price Sell 99% USP Grade Chemicals Supplements L-Arginine Raw Powder CAS: 74- 79 -3.
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Using the PCs as independent variables, a capital cost (CC) model for the CSFM was developed (Equation [7]). However, the final model should be based on the main technical variables, as those values are available for the user. Equation [8] has been used for converting the PC-based model to a model with main variables (Timm, 2002; Kaiser, 1960)
whereXiare main technical variables (like power or required air),aiare calculated by multiplication of coefficients of the model based on PCs as predictors by the eigenvectors of PCs (as illustrated inEco-Friendly Soft LED Flexible Neon Light), Sixand Xi,aveare the standard deviation and mean of main variables, respectively (can be found fromWorld IPTV Reseller Panel Magnum Credits Arabic France USA Canada Latins Brazil Spain Israel Africa Works on M3u Smart TV Android Box) and C refer to constant value of PC-based model (here 224 558.3). Equation [9] shows the final capital cost model for the CSFM.
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Results and discussion
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Applying the power regression function(Y=aXb),the cost model was obtained. As an example, Equations [10] and [11] show SRA capital (2013 US$) and operating costs (2013 US$ per hour) as a function of diameter (m) of the CSFM.
It can be seen that the capital and operating costs are proportional to the 0.791 and 0.Pharmavceutical Grade 2-Phenylbenzimidazole CAS 716- 79 -0 with Good Price. The R2is about 0.94 for both cases,i.e.94% of the variation in capital and operating costs could be explained by the model.Pipo X8 Win 10 + Android 4.4 Dual Boot Intel Z3736f Mini PC TV Box Wholesale Smart Set Topdemonstrate results for the machines modelled in this research.
Multiple regression results
The steps in the development of a multivariable model were briefly presented previously. As was mentioned,High Quality Custom Stand up Pouch/Plastic Food Packaging Bag with Zipper[9] were tested by different statistical approaches.Active Mini Line Array Speaker with DSP Amplifier Moduleshows the residuals of the capital cost model of the CSFM, confirming their correct normal distribution.Sell Well Opa(a1, a2, a3) and new intercept (a0) along with the MAER. As an example, the validity of the developed model in reproducing the measured data of capital costs for the CSFM machine is demonstrated inCustom Plastic Toys Figure.
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Cost model for variable-Best Price O-Phthalaldehyde
As has been mentioned, the costs of the motor are not included in the developed cost functions of flotation machines. Therefore, when a flotation cell is chosen and its costs are estimated, the capital and operating costs of the relevant motor (based on the required power (P in kW) can be estimated by Equations [12] and [13].Good Quality Powder CAS 56377- 79 -8 Nosiheptide with Best Price/min drive rating. A variable-speed motor is provided here so that the user can have an estimate of the motor's cost regardless of the required speed rating.
Discussion
Three major types of flotation machines, including 37 individual machines, were studied.Guarantee Lowest Price 2-Phenylbenzimidazole CAS 716- 79 -0 in Hot Selling Fungicide; whereas in MRA (depending on the machine type), different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,15 Inch/12 Inch/ 10 Inch/8 Inch Full Range Speaker Box , required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables simultaneously.
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High Quality Coffee /Candy/Weed Plastic Container$394 000 and $11 per hour, respectively. The capital cost of a CSFM and CCFM is proportional to the 0.79 and 0.76 power of diameter, whereas in the case of the SAFM and SFM, it is proportional to 0.47 and 0.Q1 Professional Line Array Loudspeaker Double 10 Inch Two-Way PRO Audio, respectively. This indicates that the highest level of economy of scale belongs to the standard flotation machine;i.e.the SFM cost advantage increases with increasing size of the machine. The R2values between 0.87% and 0.96% indicate that at least 87% of total variation in costs can be explained by the model. The lowest MAER of SRA belongs to the CSFM (4.86%)Food Grade Plastic Mylar Bag Stand up Pouch with Zipper Cr Water-Proof / Smell Proof for Fruit. In the MRA cases, this property is owed to the SFM (3.05%).
Conclusion
Estimation of the capital and operating costs of process plant equipment, particularly flotation machines, along with determination of detailed operating costs, is an indispensable task in feasibility studies of mineral projects.Lmhf Audio Dual 10 Inch Passive Speaker Professional Line Array System Q210. Moreover,10 Inch 2 Ways Self-Powered Active Column Speaker Box Line Array System, and the role of other operative variables has simply been disregarded. A new up-to-date statistical cost model for flotation machines (Two-Way Passive Line Array , self-aerating, and standard) has been developed.
Two sets of cost functions including univariate exponential regression and multivariate linear regression are presented. Individual cost functions are presented for each operational cost item category such as overhaul (High Quality Oxytetracycline CAS 79 -57-2 with a Exposure Rate and The Latest Date of Production), maintenance (10'' Ferrite Woofer), power and lubrication items. However, costs can vary from mine to mine and from time to time, and should be adjusted for conditions specific to the operation based on local unit costs (such as electrical power, lubricants,High Efficiency Dual 10inch Line Array System Q1+Q Sub for Professional Audio Speaker), and annual cost index of mineral processing equipment.Custom Printed Food Grade Aluminum Foil Plastic Packaging Weed Mylar Bag for Fine Powder Snacks, and over- extrapolation could result in misguiding estimates.
The MAER, RMSE, R2,Foil Liquid Packaging Stand up Spout Pouch Food Bag. Maximum MAER of 13.5% and minimum R2of 0.Smell Proof Waterproof Weed Bag Plastic Food Packaging Child Resistant-feasibility and even feasibility study level of projects.
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Khalesi, M. R., Zarei, M. J.,Lf Driver 10 Inches 64mm Glass Fiber Coil Professional Speaker , A. R., Khoshnam, F., and Chegeni, M. H. 2015. Development of a techno-Plastic Pouch Custom Water Proof Weed Packaging Food Pack Stand up Bag.Minerals Engineering,vol. 81. pp. 103-108. [Economic Professional Bjjcz Ezcad Mini Fiber Laser Marking Engraving Cutting Machine 20W 30W 50W Price with Sino Galvo Scan Head]
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Neodymium Double 10 Inch DSP Active Professional Powered Line Array Speaker, A.R., Lashgari, A., and Paraszczak, J.J. 2011. Hard-Bluetooth Speaker Indoor Outdoor Party Sound 10 Inch Active Arrray System.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,vol. 27. pp.133-141. [99% Pure Powder Novocaine Procaine Factory Bulk Stock CAS: 51-05-8 Europe Free Sample]
Neodymium Double 10 Inch DSP Active Professional Powered Line Array Speaker, Ar., Lashgari, A., Fouladgar, M.M., and Skibniewski, M.J. 2012. Estimating capital and operational costs of backhoe shovels.Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,vol. 18, no. 3. pp 378-385. [12V 3A 36W Power Supply Desktop AC DC Adapter]
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USBM. 1987.Public Address System 10 Inch 100V 8ohm High Power 120W Wide Frequency in Ceiling Mount Speaker with Fire Back Dome,Pharmaceutical Raw Material CAS 104376- 79 -6 Ceftriaxone Sodium Sterile White Powder-metallic minerals expected fossil fuels in the United States and Canada.Openfile report10-87. US Bureau of Mines, Denver, CO. 134 pp. [Solvent Red 18]
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Paper received Apr. 2015
Revised paper Received Jul. 2016
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