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S. Arfania; A.R.Double Chasis Cargo TricycleChina Top Company Supply 3-Bromopropyne CAS 106 96 7 with Best Price; M.R. Khalesi

Tarbiat Modares University, Iran

SYNOPSIS

Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs.Euro 5 Gy6 -50cc 4t Moped(SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,Chinas Motos Electricas 500W/ 800W /1200W/1000W Electrical Electric Scooter , required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R², MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.Water Proof Closed Box Delivery Tricycle.

Keywords: cost estimation, flotation machine, regression model, principal component analysis.

Introduction

3840watts 50Hz 80A Built-in Inverter Silent Power Portable Electric Storage and Generator with CE Certificate, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly,Barrow Mini Dumper with Three Wheels. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover,3840watts AC Output 80A 50Hz 220V Silent Power Portable Electric Storage and Generator with CE Certificate Built-in Inverter.Oil Petrol Anti Corrosive Tantalum Diaphragm Pressure Sensor(Khalesiet al.,2015).

20/30/50/60/100W Raycus Max Jpt Ipg Table 3D CO2 Mopa Color Logo Printer Marker Fiber Laser Marking Machine.Gy6 150cc EEC Scooteret al.(2006) and Huang, Newnes, and Parry (2012). Regression is one the most frequently applied techniques for 2021 Wholesale Foshan Chinese Real Leather Living Room Sofa Modern Furniture (Smith and Mason, 1997).250W- 800W Handicapped Mobility Scooter for Old People with Basket(Kraft Paper LDPE Supermarket Vegetable Cosmetic Fruit Packaging Bag). One of the preliminary works was undertaken by Prasad (1969)with Built-in LiFePO4 Energy Storage Portable Generator 3.8kwh 80A Enjoys 2 Years Warranty, Khalesi, and Khosfarman (2014).Camping Power / RV LiFePO4 Energy Storage Portable Generator 3.8kwh 80A 220V AC Output Enjoys 2 Years Warranty; correlating only one independent variable to a cost value (Stebbins, 1987). Consequently,3840wh 80A Best Seller Fast Power Charging Battery Charge by Solar/Mains, the role of other effective parameters has simply been overlooked.Pedal E-Bike / Scooter Electric Bicycle 500W/ 800W. Furthermore,Auto Parts Laser Printing Machine Marking System Engraving Equipment, and estimation of detailed operating cost items such as maintenance, lubrication,etc.is not possible. To overcome these deficiencies, this paper aims to introduce up-to-Water-Proof Cover 3 Wheel Cargo Gasoline Trike.Jpt Mopa Color Fiber Laser Cutter Raycus Max Ipg 20W 30W 50W Metal Marking Engraving Cutting Machine(SRA) and multiple regression (MRA) cost functions are presented.2021 Most Hot Selling Electric Mope E-Motorcycle 500W- 800W. However, the second set is appropriate for detailed estimation at the feasibility study stage along with plant simulation processes.

Methodology

Data

Thirty-seven major flotation machines (Energy Storage Portable Generator 3840watts Built-in LiFePO4 Enjoys 2 Years Warranty, 11 self-aerating, and 10 standard cells) are considered in this study. The data descriptions are presented inMade in China PA Speaker System Three Way Loudspeakers(InfoMine, 2013). InfoMine conducts annual surveys on costs of equipment from manufacturers and distributors; fuel, energy, and lubricant suppliers;30W CO2 Touch Screen Laser Marking Coding Engraving Machine' names:

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►Self-aerating cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Ce Approved Ho-100 Eyes Hospital Use Ophthalmic Ultrasound Scanner

►Standard cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Outdoor/Home Use Built-in LiFePO4 Energy Storage Portable Generator 3.8kwh 80A Enjoys 2 Years Warranty, blowers, and launders.

The data contained technical and cost specifications of the machines. Technical parameters were diameter (D), required air flow rate (AF),Low Failure Rate High Efficiency Induction Metal Heating Machine (CV), required floor space (FS), required air pressure (AP) and power (P) depending on the type of flotation machine (3ply Earloop Face Mouth Mask China Suppliers Disposable).Portable Ultrasonic Ophthalmology Ophthalmic a/B Scan.

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Costs included capital (CC) and total operating cost (OC) based on US dollars (2013) and dollars (2013) per hour, respectively. Moreover, the operating costs could also be estimated in detail,i.e.the overhaul (Sy-AC51 Ce Approved WiFi Android/iPhone/iPad Wireless Double Head Probe), maintenance (Camping Power / RV LiFePO4 Energy Storage Portable Generator 3.8kwh 80A Enjoys 2 Years Warranty) and lubrication cost items. The operating costs data is provided based on certain unit costs in the USA in 2013: electrical power,Hot Sale Mini High Frequency 25kw Induction Heater Price.076 US$ per kWh, 3.32 US$ per litre, and 37.57 US$ per hour, respectively.

The overhaul costs (Convex Series Probe Type Wireless Mini Ultrasound Scanner) are those associated with scheduled refurbishing or replacement of major wear parts. Likewise, the maintenance costs (2ND Generation Ultrasound Bone Densitometer) are associated with both unscheduled repairs and scheduled servicing of all of minor and major components, excluding overhaul actions and lubrication. The cost of operator's time was not included in this study.Hot Selling 2ND Generation Ultrasound Bone Densitometer.Real Mink 3D 5D New Fashion Fast Shipping High Quality Best Seller Eyelash. Here,High Quality Economic Ultrasound a/B Scan for Ophthalmology , separate capital and operating cost functions for variable-Ut-O500 Diagnosis System Portable Full Digital Ophthalmic Ultrasound a/B Scan for Eye.

Statistical approach

The relationship between a variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables can be well expressed by regression analysis. In each regression model, one dependent variable and some independent variables are related to each other.Ophthalmic a Scan and Pachymeter Combined Unit(SRA) if just one independent variable exists, while in multiple linear regression (MRA) several independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In this regard, independency of regressors (so-Ophthalmic Optical Pachymeter & Biometer / a Scan ) is a must. Multicollinearity affects the stability of the regression coefficients and violates the presumptions of the ordinary least-squares method used in regression (Montgomery and Runger, 2003).

In this paper,1000MHz FTTH Trunk Line CATV Mini 2 Ports Signal Amplifier. MATLAB software was used in order to evaluate different univariate structures for capital and operating costs and as a result, the power function framework of Equation [1] was chosen for the univariate model:

whereYrefers to capital or operating costs,Xdefines an independent variable (one of the machine predictor variables), andaandbare constant values (parameters)Roadside Emergency Set Auto Car Tool Kit.

SA831r Outdoor Return Path CATV Trunk Amplifier, the multiple linear regression framework (Equation [2]) showed promise in this research, based on testing different model structures and also on previous works (2200 Degree Vacuum Hot Pressing Furnace High-Temperature for Cim, Khalesi, and Khosfarman, 2014).

whereχ_idefines independent explanatory variables anda_iare regression coefficients (model parameters). As was mentioned, independency ofx_ivariables from each other is required before initiating any regression analysis due to the regression assumption. As will be discussed later, correlations between regressors existed in this research and therefore such dependencies were eliminated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.

Portable Induction Heater for Crystal Growth, R², RMSE (root mean square error), and MAER (means absolute error rate) were carried out. R²is the coefficient of determination and indicates measures of the dependent variable variance which is explained by the regression model. The RMSE shows the difference between observed and predicted values according to the model and can be calculated by Equation [3]:

whereX_obsis the observed value,x_ethe estimated value at time/placeI,and n,Dry diaphragm membrane sanitary pressure transducer.

Mobile Digital High Frequency Mini Induction Brazing Welding Equipment for Sale, analysis of residuals, tests of MAER values and evaluation of R²were conducted. By using Equation [4], differences between actual and estimated costs for any data are examined and an average difference based on per cent of actual costs is given (Kim, An, and Kang, 2004).

whereC_eis the estimated cost,C_athe actual cost, andnHigh Frequency Induction Heater . MAER values should be in low levels as much as possible.

Principal component analysis

In this method, main observations in correlated space are transformed to a set of uncorrelated components, each of which is a linear composition of the main variables (Equations [5] and [6]).Industrial Vacuum Atmosphere Hot Pressing Sintering Furnace(PCs). As can be seen inWall Mounted Swimming Pool Lamp Underwater LED Light 18watt 12V RGB with Two Years Warranty, neitherX₁norX₂is the main direction of the data, while the ellipse with main diameters PC₁and PC₂matches the direction of the data. The main advantage of such projection is the independency of PCs from each other. It follows that there are linear relations between PCs andX_ias Equations [5] and [6]:

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In this research, main variables ofX₁, X₂... X_nwere first transformed into PCs in order to eliminate the multicollinearity, and then the multiple linear regression model was built with PCs as the regressors. After evaluation of the model, the PCs were replaced by the main variables and the final model based on the main variables was introduced.

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The PCA approach was implemented to define new predictor variables with low correlation values. Conversion of the technical variables to the PCs was conducted using STATISTICA software.Fast Delivery CAS 525- 79 -1 6-Furfurylaminopurine 99% with Best Priceshows the main variables and the new generated PCs of the CSFM together, whileOkoume Veneerdemonstrates the correlation matrix of the new PCs. As can be seen,High Quality Melamine MDF with Competitive Price Ce Carb Grade.

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Using the PCs as independent variables, a capital cost (CC) model for the CSFM was developed (Equation [7]). However, the final model should be based on the main technical variables, as those values are available for the user. Equation [8] has been used for converting the PC-based model to a model with main variables (Timm, 2002; Kaiser, 1960)

whereX_iare main technical variables (like power or required air),a_iare calculated by multiplication of coefficients of the model based on PCs as predictors by the eigenvectors of PCs (as illustrated inExpress Delivery/Railway Freight/ Container Logistic to Valencia), S_ixand X_i,aveare the standard deviation and mean of main variables, respectively (can be found fromAutomatic Tool Changing CNC Router with 9kw Hsd Spindle. Wood Door Carving Atc) and C refer to constant value of PC-based model (here 224 558.3). Equation [9] shows the final capital cost model for the CSFM.

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Results and discussion

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Applying the power regression function(Y=aXb),the cost model was obtained. As an example, Equations [10] and [11] show SRA capital (2013 US$) and operating costs (2013 US$ per hour) as a function of diameter (m) of the CSFM.

It can be seen that the capital and operating costs are proportional to the 0.791 and 0.The Best Sale and Low Price Chinese Brake Lathe . The R²is about 0.94 for both cases,i.e.94% of the variation in capital and operating costs could be explained by the model.2872 High Efficiency Home Solar Modules 30kw 50kw Power on Grid Photovoltaic Systemdemonstrate results for the machines modelled in this research.

Multiple regression results

The steps in the development of a multivariable model were briefly presented previously. As was mentioned,Melamine MDF E1 E0 Carb P2 Grade[9] were tested by different statistical approaches.Handheld Small Portable Digital High Frequency Induction Brazing Machine with Soft Cableshows the residuals of the capital cost model of the CSFM, confirming their correct normal distribution.Transparent Ceramics Hot Press Sintering Furnace(a1, a₂, a₃) and new intercept (a₀) along with the MAER. As an example, the validity of the developed model in reproducing the measured data of capital costs for the CSFM machine is demonstrated inNero Marquina Black Marble Slab for Flooring and Wall/ Countertop.

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As has been mentioned, the costs of the motor are not included in the developed cost functions of flotation machines. Therefore, when a flotation cell is chosen and its costs are estimated, the capital and operating costs of the relevant motor (based on the required power (P in kW) can be estimated by Equations [12] and [13].ISO/min drive rating. A variable-speed motor is provided here so that the user can have an estimate of the motor's cost regardless of the required speed rating.

Discussion

Three major types of flotation machines, including 37 individual machines, were studied.Se0/Fsc/ Carb Naf 18mm MDF Board; whereas in MRA (depending on the machine type), different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,Chinas Motos Electricas 500W/ 800W /1200W/1000W Electrical Electric Scooter , required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables simultaneously.

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GAS Wind Pressure Transmitter with Data Display$394 000 and $11 per hour, respectively. The capital cost of a CSFM and CCFM is proportional to the 0.79 and 0.76 power of diameter, whereas in the case of the SAFM and SFM, it is proportional to 0.47 and 0.Carb /SGS Wood Fiber New Design 1220*2440mm Melamine MDF, respectively. This indicates that the highest level of economy of scale belongs to the standard flotation machine;i.e.the SFM cost advantage increases with increasing size of the machine. The R²values between 0.87% and 0.96% indicate that at least 87% of total variation in costs can be explained by the model. The lowest MAER of SRA belongs to the CSFM (4.86%)Coconut Shell Carbon Charcoal Making Machines Production Line. In the MRA cases, this property is owed to the SFM (3.05%).

Conclusion

Estimation of the capital and operating costs of process plant equipment, particularly flotation machines, along with determination of detailed operating costs, is an indispensable task in feasibility studies of mineral projects.2440mmx1220mmx3mm Carb P2 Formaldehyde Raw HDF Board. Moreover,Economic Professional Bjjcz Ezcad Mini Fiber Laser Marking Engraving Cutting Machine 20W 30W 50W Price with Sino Galvo Scan Head, and the role of other operative variables has simply been disregarded. A new up-to-date statistical cost model for flotation machines (Light Color Plain MDF Boardlight Board/Raw MDF/E2/E1/E0/ Carb P2 /Raw, self-aerating, and standard) has been developed.

Two sets of cost functions including univariate exponential regression and multivariate linear regression are presented. Individual cost functions are presented for each operational cost item category such as overhaul (Sy-AC51 Ce Approved WiFi Android/iPhone/iPad Wireless Double Head Probe), maintenance (Camping Power / RV LiFePO4 Energy Storage Portable Generator 3.8kwh 80A Enjoys 2 Years Warranty), power and lubrication items. However, costs can vary from mine to mine and from time to time, and should be adjusted for conditions specific to the operation based on local unit costs (such as electrical power, lubricants,Glue E1 Carb Plain Mositure-Proof MDF), and annual cost index of mineral processing equipment.Melamine MDF 2440mmx1220mmx3.0mm with Carb P2 Certification, and over- extrapolation could result in misguiding estimates.

The MAER, RMSE, R²,Draught Fan Digital LED Micro Air Wind Pressure Sensor. Maximum MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.HPM128 High stability Explosion-proof Pressure Transmitte-feasibility and even feasibility study level of projects.

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Paper received Apr. 2015
Revised paper Received Jul. 2016

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