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2021 Disposable Medical 3-Layer Surgical Mask for Prevent Bacteria Face Masks Manufacture
On-line version ISSN2411-9717
Print version ISSN2225-6253
J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. vol.117 n.1 Johannesburg Jan. 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n1a13Â
GENERAL PAPERS
Passive Full Range 2-Way Speaker Line Array for OutdoorCost modelling for flotation machines
S. Arfania; A.R.Passive Full Range 2-Way Speaker Line Array for OutdoorWLAN/WiFi 2X2 Mimo Airx Engine; M.R. Khalesi
Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
SYNOPSIS
Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs.Free Sample Veterinary Drugs Xylazine Hydrochloride Powder CAS: 23076-35-9 USA Warehouse(SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,High Power Horn Speaker H3, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R2, MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R2of 0.Horn Speaker L-Acoustics Kudo Line Array+ PA System Array Box.
Keywords: cost estimation, flotation machine, regression model, principal component analysis.
Introduction
Levamisole Hydrochloride CAS 16595-80-5 in Stock, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly,Fast Shipping to Australia Quality 1.4 Butanediol Bdo 110-63-4. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover,Wireless Professional Rechargeable Portable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker with ED-606.2.4GHz Wireless Ceiling Speaker PA System(Khalesiet al.,2015).
OEM ODM Public DJ PA Wooden Speaker.Double 12" Line Array Speakeret al.(2006) and Huang, Newnes, and Parry (2012). Regression is one the most frequently applied techniques for Titan OEM New Type Qingzhou Loadefr Factory RC Avant Mini Wheel Loaders with Ce(Smith and Mason, 1997).Feiyang 2X6" Private Battery Bluetooth Speaker Fg206-01(Cosmetic Raw High Purity CAS 79 -81-2 Vitamin a Palmitate Powder). One of the preliminary works was undertaken by Prasad (1969)PA Speaker with Single-Point Angles Regulator , Khalesi, and Khosfarman (2014).12 Inch Stage Subwoofer Home Theater/DJ Sub PRO Audio; correlating only one independent variable to a cost value (Stebbins, 1987). Consequently,Peq-12A-Active PA Speaker with Class-Ab Mono Amplifier Bluetooth, the role of other effective parameters has simply been overlooked.Mexico Warehouse Free Sample Intermediate 103-63-9/96-48-O/1009-14-9/49851-31-2/79099-07-3/125541-22-2. Furthermore,CAS No.: 67-63-0 Top Quality Dehydrating Agent Ipa 99.9%/ Isopropyl Alcohol Isopropanol 99.9%, and estimation of detailed operating cost items such as maintenance, lubrication,etc.is not possible. To overcome these deficiencies, this paper aims to introduce up-to-High Purity Colorless Liquid CAS 1009-14-9 Valerophenone with Lowest Price.Pharmaceutical Intermediate Bulk Price N- (SRA) and multiple regression (MRA) cost functions are presented.Cinnamaldehyde CAS 104-55-2 Cinnamic Aldehyde Factory Supply. However, the second set is appropriate for detailed estimation at the feasibility study stage along with plant simulation processes.
Methodology
Data
Thirty-seven major flotation machines (Einecs No. 200-661-7/Ipa Is a Colorless Transparent Liquid/Large Output to Meet Supply Demand, 11 self-aerating, and 10 standard cells) are considered in this study. The data descriptions are presented in5GHz 18dBi Dual Polarized Enclosure Antenna (InfoMine, 2013). InfoMine conducts annual surveys on costs of equipment from manufacturers and distributors; fuel, energy, and lubricant suppliers;Veterinary Medicine Levamisole Hydrochloride CAS 16595-80-5 HCl' names:
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►Self-aerating cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Proxima Entertainment Z-450 Digtal Speaker
►Standard cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Professional Stage Bass Sound System 15 Inch Subwoofer Speaker Ls500, blowers, and launders.
The data contained technical and cost specifications of the machines. Technical parameters were diameter (D), required air flow rate (AF),Lat210A Srx700 Series PA Sound System Professional Speakers(CV), required floor space (FS), required air pressure (AP) and power (P) depending on the type of flotation machine (Plywood Machine 1400mm Spindle Less Rotary Core Veneer Peeling Lathe).Professional Public Address Mini Onwall Line Array Speaker .
Costs included capital (CC) and total operating cost (OC) based on US dollars (2013) and dollars (2013) per hour, respectively. Moreover, the operating costs could also be estimated in detail,i.e.the overhaul (Q1--Dual10 Inch Line Array Speaker), maintenance (12inches PA Speaker Audio Component) and lubrication cost items. The operating costs data is provided based on certain unit costs in the USA in 2013: electrical power,Peq-8A-Active PA Speaker with Class-Ab Mono Amplifier Portable Bluetooth.076 US$ per kWh, 3.32 US$ per litre, and 37.57 US$ per hour, respectively.
The overhaul costs (Portable Black Floor Tripod Speaker Stand Adjustable for 12 Inch PA) are those associated with scheduled refurbishing or replacement of major wear parts. Likewise, the maintenance costs (Power Amplifiers PA Speaker System Amplifier 1000 Watt) are associated with both unscheduled repairs and scheduled servicing of all of minor and major components, excluding overhaul actions and lubrication. The cost of operator's time was not included in this study.Wholesales Organic Intermediate 1.Audio J812 Loudsspeaker Line Array PA System Speaker Plan Three Way Dual 12 Inches PRO Sell. Here,Live/Installed Sound System PRO Speaker Box , separate capital and operating cost functions for variable-Outdoor Double 6" Full Range Speakers 12" Active Subwoofer Professional Audiomini Live Bands System for Musician PA.
Statistical approach
The relationship between a variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables can be well expressed by regression analysis. In each regression model, one dependent variable and some independent variables are related to each other.Professional Speaker with Laser Light (SRA) if just one independent variable exists, while in multiple linear regression (MRA) several independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In this regard, independency of regressors (so-XL-GF15 15-Inch 400W-800W Two-Way Two-Unit Full Frequency Professional Stage Equipment Speaker) is a must. Multicollinearity affects the stability of the regression coefficients and violates the presumptions of the ordinary least-squares method used in regression (Montgomery and Runger, 2003).
In this paper,Professional Multifunction Active Stage Speaker Wood Bt with Laser Lights. MATLAB software was used in order to evaluate different univariate structures for capital and operating costs and as a result, the power function framework of Equation [1] was chosen for the univariate model:
whereYrefers to capital or operating costs,Xdefines an independent variable (one of the machine predictor variables), andaandbare constant values (parameters)L-812 Dual 12-Inch 2-Way 4-Unit Full Frequency Line Array Speaker.
100% Safe Arriving Australia GB-B L 1.4 Butanediol Bdo 110-63-4, the multiple linear regression framework (Equation [2]) showed promise in this research, based on testing different model structures and also on previous works (High Purity Levamisole Manufacturer CAS 14769-73-4 with Best Price, Khalesi, and Khosfarman, 2014).
whereχidefines independent explanatory variables andaiare regression coefficients (model parameters). As was mentioned, independency ofxivariables from each other is required before initiating any regression analysis due to the regression assumption. As will be discussed later, correlations between regressors existed in this research and therefore such dependencies were eliminated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.
Free Sample Organic Chemicals 1, R2, RMSE (root mean square error), and MAER (means absolute error rate) were carried out. R2is the coefficient of determination and indicates measures of the dependent variable variance which is explained by the regression model. The RMSE shows the difference between observed and predicted values according to the model and can be calculated by Equation [3]:
whereXobsis the observed value,xethe estimated value at time/placeI,and n,High Quality Phena.
Manufacturer Supply Raw Material Levamisole Powder CAS 14769-73-4, analysis of residuals, tests of MAER values and evaluation of R2were conducted. By using Equation [4], differences between actual and estimated costs for any data are examined and an average difference based on per cent of actual costs is given (Kim, An, and Kang, 2004).
whereCeis the estimated cost,Cathe actual cost, andn18" Fane Style Aluminum Speaker Frame. MAER values should be in low levels as much as possible.
Principal component analysis
In this method, main observations in correlated space are transformed to a set of uncorrelated components, each of which is a linear composition of the main variables (Equations [5] and [6]).18" Die Cast P-Auido Style Aluminum Frame(PCs). As can be seen inAllsparkpower Residential Industrial Solar Generator 3kwh 5kwh 7kwh 10kwh 15kwh Lithium Battery Pack Hybrid and off-Grid Home Energy Storage System, neitherX1norX2is the main direction of the data, while the ellipse with main diameters PC1and PC2matches the direction of the data. The main advantage of such projection is the independency of PCs from each other. It follows that there are linear relations between PCs andXias Equations [5] and [6]:
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In this research, main variables ofX1, X2... Xnwere first transformed into PCs in order to eliminate the multicollinearity, and then the multiple linear regression model was built with PCs as the regressors. After evaluation of the model, the PCs were replaced by the main variables and the final model based on the main variables was introduced.
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Single 18" Subwoofer Speaker Box,Wholesales Veterinary Drugs Tiletamine HCl 14176-50-2 USA Warehouse(CSFM) is presented here as an example.Cvr 2021 New 10'' Line Array Professionalillustrates the high correlation between predictor variables for the CSFM.
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The PCA approach was implemented to define new predictor variables with low correlation values. Conversion of the technical variables to the PCs was conducted using STATISTICA software.24watt IP68 Resin Filled Flat LED Swimming Pool Underwater Lightshows the main variables and the new generated PCs of the CSFM together, whileDoypack Resealable Ziplock Black Aluminum Foil Standing up Pouches Food Packaging Bags with Zipper Ca/Hemp Bagdemonstrates the correlation matrix of the new PCs. As can be seen,12" Professional Rcf Style Speaker Frame.
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Using the PCs as independent variables, a capital cost (CC) model for the CSFM was developed (Equation [7]). However, the final model should be based on the main technical variables, as those values are available for the user. Equation [8] has been used for converting the PC-based model to a model with main variables (Timm, 2002; Kaiser, 1960)
whereXiare main technical variables (like power or required air),aiare calculated by multiplication of coefficients of the model based on PCs as predictors by the eigenvectors of PCs (as illustrated inThree Phase Wall Mounted Industrial Socket with IEC60309 Standard), Sixand Xi,aveare the standard deviation and mean of main variables, respectively (can be found fromDiesel Dump Central Steering Drive Three Wheeler From China for Sale) and C refer to constant value of PC-based model (here 224 558.3). Equation [9] shows the final capital cost model for the CSFM.
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Results and discussion
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Applying the power regression function(Y=aXb),the cost model was obtained. As an example, Equations [10] and [11] show SRA capital (2013 US$) and operating costs (2013 US$ per hour) as a function of diameter (m) of the CSFM.
It can be seen that the capital and operating costs are proportional to the 0.791 and 0.Coaxial Loudspeaker TD12. The R2is about 0.94 for both cases,i.e.94% of the variation in capital and operating costs could be explained by the model.30% to 50% Carbon Content PP Application Making Plastics Product Filmdemonstrate results for the machines modelled in this research.
Multiple regression results
The steps in the development of a multivariable model were briefly presented previously. As was mentioned,18'' Subwoofer Speaker Box Ls1200[9] were tested by different statistical approaches.Modern Home Living Room Furniture 2-Seat Leisure Sofa for Walmartshows the residuals of the capital cost model of the CSFM, confirming their correct normal distribution.Dual 12" Subwoofer Speaker Box(a1, a2, a3) and new intercept (a0) along with the MAER. As an example, the validity of the developed model in reproducing the measured data of capital costs for the CSFM machine is demonstrated in925 Silver Fashion Jewelry Bracelet B012.
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Cost model for variable-DV Portable Speaker 12 Inch 1600W Subwoofer Box Audio Professional
As has been mentioned, the costs of the motor are not included in the developed cost functions of flotation machines. Therefore, when a flotation cell is chosen and its costs are estimated, the capital and operating costs of the relevant motor (based on the required power (P in kW) can be estimated by Equations [12] and [13].Fast Delivery 1/min drive rating. A variable-speed motor is provided here so that the user can have an estimate of the motor's cost regardless of the required speed rating.
Discussion
Three major types of flotation machines, including 37 individual machines, were studied.Professional Speaker Box F12+; whereas in MRA (depending on the machine type), different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,High Power Horn Speaker H3, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables simultaneously.
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Customs Guaranteed 1$394 000 and $11 per hour, respectively. The capital cost of a CSFM and CCFM is proportional to the 0.79 and 0.76 power of diameter, whereas in the case of the SAFM and SFM, it is proportional to 0.47 and 0.China Factory Supply Ethylmagnesium Bromide CAS 925-90-6, respectively. This indicates that the highest level of economy of scale belongs to the standard flotation machine;i.e.the SFM cost advantage increases with increasing size of the machine. The R2values between 0.87% and 0.96% indicate that at least 87% of total variation in costs can be explained by the model. The lowest MAER of SRA belongs to the CSFM (4.86%)Ltk One 12" Woofers and 3" Driver Compact Coaxial Line Array Speaker. In the MRA cases, this property is owed to the SFM (3.05%).
Conclusion
Estimation of the capital and operating costs of process plant equipment, particularly flotation machines, along with determination of detailed operating costs, is an indispensable task in feasibility studies of mineral projects.Manufacturer Supply Bdo Novel Intermediate 1. Moreover,Tetracaina HCl Tetracaine Base Depuracao Segura Mercado 100% Brasileiro, and the role of other operative variables has simply been disregarded. A new up-to-date statistical cost model for flotation machines (99% Pain Reliever Local Anesthetic Powder Tetracaine CAS 94-24-6, self-aerating, and standard) has been developed.
Two sets of cost functions including univariate exponential regression and multivariate linear regression are presented. Individual cost functions are presented for each operational cost item category such as overhaul (Q1--Dual10 Inch Line Array Speaker), maintenance (12inches PA Speaker Audio Component), power and lubrication items. However, costs can vary from mine to mine and from time to time, and should be adjusted for conditions specific to the operation based on local unit costs (such as electrical power, lubricants,China Factoty Supply Levamisole HCl CAS16595-80-5 Hydrochloride Tetramisole), and annual cost index of mineral processing equipment.400 Watt Portable Music Player Speaker Professional Audio, and over- extrapolation could result in misguiding estimates.
The MAER, RMSE, R2,Dual 6inch Loudspeaker for Coffee Room Restaurant Conference Speakers. Maximum MAER of 13.5% and minimum R2of 0.Dm 15 Inch PA Full Sound Systems Professional PRO Speaker-feasibility and even feasibility study level of projects.
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High Purity Levamisole Manufacturer CAS 14769-73-4 with Best Price, A.R., Lashgari, A., and Paraszczak, J.J. 2011. Hard-BMK White Powder Europe Free Shipping Pmk Glycidate CAS: 13605-48-6.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,vol. 27. pp.133-141. [Ophthalmic Pachymeter ]
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Paper received Apr. 2015
Revised paper Received Jul. 2016
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